Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Russians shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Russians offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Russians at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Russians? Wrong! If the Russians is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Russians then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Russians? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Russians and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Russians wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Russians then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Russians site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Russians, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Russians, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.



{{Ethnic group||group=Russians
(Русские)|image=Dmitry Donskoy • Mikhail Lomonosov • Leo Tolstoy • Anton Chekhov
Fedor Dostoevsky • Peter Tchaikovsky • Marina Tsvetaeva • Yuri Gagarin
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky • Sergey Korolyov • Constantin Stanislavski • Alexander Pushkin|poptime= 135–140 million (est.)|popplace=: 115,889,000(2002 census)|region1 = |pop1 = 8,334,000(2001 census) |region2 = |pop2 = 4,480,000(1999 census)|region3 = The numbers collected by the National Census are based on the country of origin and include among ethnic Russians significant amount of Jews, Ukrainians, Tatars and other people who stated Russia as the country of their ancestory|pop3 = 2,652,214(2000)|region4 = |pop4 = 1,142,000(1999)|region5 = |pop5 = 646,567(2007)|region6 = |pop6 = 700,000(2005) |region7 = |pop7 = 604,000(1999) |region9 = |pop9 = 352,000(2000) |region10 = |pop10 = 220,000(2001)|region11 = |pop11 = 500,000(2004)|region12 = |pop12 = 178,600(2003)|region13 = |pop13 = 158,850|region14 = |pop14 = 144,000|region15 = |pop15 = 142,000|region16 = |pop16 = 115,000 |region17 = |pop17 = 200,000|region18 = |pop18 = 100,000|region19 = |pop19 = 70,000(2005)|region20 = |pop20 = 68,200(2000)|region21 = |pop21 = 67,671(2002 census)|region22 = |pop22 = 60,200|region23 = |pop23 = 55,000(2005)|region24 = |pop24 = 33,401(2002 census)|region25 = |pop25 = 30,000|region26 = |pop26 = 15,600(2000 census)|region27 = |pop27 = 15,595(2002 census) |region28 = |pop28 = 14,660(2002 census) |langs=Russian language|rels= Predominantly Russian Orthodox Church. Some Russians are Old Believers (a relatively small group of Orthodox Christians). Small minority of Russians are Protestants. Many consider themselves Agnostics or Atheists.], especially East Slavs (Belarusians, Ukrainians, Rusyns).-->

Russians ( ) are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.

The English language term Russians is also used to refer to citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity (see demographics of Russia for information on other nationalities inhabiting Russia); in Russian language, this meaning is covered by the recently revived term Rossiyanin (Россиянин, plural Rossiyane). According to 2002 census, ethnic Russians make up about 80% of the population of Russia .

Origins

Russians predecessors were the medieval Early East Slavs Rus' (people), who were also the predecessors of Belarusians and Ukrainians.

Very little is known about the Russians and East Slavs in general prior to approximately 859 AD, the date from which the account in the Primary Chronicle (a history of the Ancient Rus from around 850 to 1110 originally compiled in Kiev about 1113) starts.

By 600 AD, the Slavs had split linguistically into southern, western, and eastern branches. The East Slavs flooded Eastern Europe in two streams. One group of tribes settled along the Dnieper river in what is now Ukraine; they then spread northward to the northern Volga river, east of modern-day Moscow and westward to the basins of the northern Dniester and the Southern Bugs in present-day Moldova and southern Ukraine.

Another group of East Slavs moved from Pomerania to the northeast, where they encountered the Varangians of the Rus' Khaganate and established an important regional centre of Novgorod. The same Slavic population also settled the present-day Tver Oblast and the region of Beloozero. Having reached the lands of the Merya near Rostov, they linked up with the Dnieper group of Slavic migrants.

Emergence of Russian ethnicity .

Early ancestors of the Russians were Early East Slavs tribes who migrated to the East European Plain in the early Middle Ages. Most prominent Slavic tribes in the area of modern European Russia included Vyatichs, Krivichs, Radimichs, Severians and Ilmen Slavs. By the 11th century East Slavs assimilited Finno-Ugric tribes Merya and Muromian and Balts tribe Eastern Galindae who also used to populate the same area (modern Central Russia).

Ethnic Russians known as Great Russians (as oppose to White Russians and Little Russians) began to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group in the 15th century, when they were referred to as Muscovy, during the consolidation of Muscovy Tsardom as a regional power. Between 12th and 16th century Russians known as Pomors migrated to Northern Russia and settled White Sea coasts. As a result of the migrations and Russian conquests (following liberation from the Mongol invasion of Russia Golden Horde domination) during 15th-16th centuries Russians settled the Privolzhsky (Volga) Federal District, Urals Federal District and Southern Federal District regions. Between 17th and 19th centuries Russian migrants settled the vast sparsely inhabited areas in Siberia and Russian Far East. A major role in these territorial expansions and migrations was played by the Russian Cossacks.

According to most ethnologists ethnic Russians originated from the earlier Rus' (people) (East Slavs of Kievan Rus), and gradually evolved into a different ethnicity from the western Rus people who became the modern-day Belarusians and Ukrainians. Between 15th and 18th centuries modern Russian language gradually developed from the Old East Slavic language and Church Slavic language languages.Some ethnologists maintain that Russians were a distinct Slavic group even before the time of Kievan Rus. Others believe that the distinguishing feature of the Russians is not primarily their separation from Western Rus, but that ethnic Russians are a mix of East Slavic and non-Slavic (for example Finno-Ugric, Germanic peoples, and Baltic) tribes. However, the origin of the Slavic peoples is itself a matter on which there is no consensus.

They were classified as a Narodnost in the First All Union Census of the Soviet Union in 1926.

Population Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe and one of the largest in the world with a population of about 140 million people worldwide. Roughly 116 million ethnic Russians live in Russia and about 20 million more live in the neighboring countries. A relatively significant number of Russians, around 3 million, live elsewhere in the world, mostly in the Americas and Western Europe, but also in other places of Eastern Europe, Asia and elsewhere.

Culture Russian culture is one that is rich and colorful. Russians have a rich Russian cuisine. Russian culture#Art is very important and considered by many to be unique and some of the most importent painters in the world are Russian. Russians are also known for their sense of Russian humour. Russian literature was greatly influential to world literature. Russians also gave the classical music world some very famous composers.

Language Russian (:Media:Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg (Wikipedia:Media help·:Image:Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg), Romanization of Russian: , ) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three (or, according to some authorities, four) living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian language and Ukrainian language (and possibly Rusyn language, often considered a dialect of Ukrainian).

Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards, and while Russian preserves much of East Slavonic grammar and a Proto-Slavic language word base, modern Russian exhibits a large stock of borrowed international vocabulary for politics, science, and technology. Due to the status of the Soviet Union as a super power, Russian had great political importance in the 20th century, and is still one of the United Nations#Languages of the United Nations.

Russian has palatalization secondary articulation of consonants, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found in almost all consonant phonemes and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the vowel reduction, or drawling, of stress (linguistics) vowels, not entirely unlike a similar process present in most forms of English language. Stress in Russian is generally quite unpredictable and can be placed on almost any syllable, one of the most difficult aspects for foreign language learners.

Religion Russian Orthodox Church is a dominant faith among the Russian people. More specifically, the vast majority of Russian believers belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, which played a vital role in the development of Russian national identity. In other countries Russian faithful usually belong to the local Orthodox congregations which either have a direct connection (like the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Moscow Patriarchy, Wiktionary:autonomy under the Patriarch of Moscow) or historical origin (like the Orthodox Church in America or a Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia) with the Russian Orthodox Church.

Even non-religious Russian people mostly associate themselves with Orthodox faith for cultural reasons. Some Russian people are Old Believers: a relatively small Schism (religion) group of the Russian Orthodoxy that rejected the liturgical reforms introduced in the 17th century.

Despite continuing growth in religious observance since Soviet times, church attendance rates in Russia are relatively low.

Other world religions have negligible representation among ethnic Russians. The most prominent are Baptists with over 85 000 Russian adherents. Adherents.com statistics others are mostly Pentecostals, Evangelicals and Seventh-day Adventists.

For the last decades the Slavic paganism seems to gain certain popularity and there are many web-sites dedicated to the study of the Slavic mythology.

Russians outside of Russia Ethnic Russians historically migrated throughout the area of former Russian Empire and Soviet Union, sometimes encouraged to re-settle in borderlands by Tsarist and later Soviet government. On some occasions ethnic Russian communities such as Lipovans who settled in Danube delta or Doukhobors in Canada immigrated as religious dissidents fleeing the central authority.

After the Russian Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil War starting in 1917, many Russians were forced to leave their homeland fleeing the Bolshevik regime, and millions became refugees. Many white emigre were participants in the White movement, although the term is broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regime.

Today largest ethnic Russian diasporas outside of Russia live in former Soviet states such as Ukraine (about 8 million), Kazakhstan (about 4.5 million), Belarus (about 1.2 million), Latvia (about 700,000), Uzbekistan (about 650,000) and Kyrgyzstan (about 600,000). Over a million of Russian Jews emigrated to Israel during and after the Refusenik (Soviet Union) movements, some brought ethnic Russian relatives along with them. There are also small Russian communities in the Balkans, Eastern and Central European nations such as Germany, as well as in China, Latin America and Australia. These communities may identify themselves either as Russians or citizens of these countries, or both, to varying degrees.

The governments and the majority public opinion in Estonia and Latvia, which has the largest share of ethnic Russians among the Baltic countries, hold the view that many of the ethnic Russians arrived in these countries as part of a Soviet-era colonization and deliberate Russification by changing the countries' ethnic balance. Among the many Russians who arrived during the Soviet era most came there for economic reasons, or in some cases, because they were ordered to move.

People who had arrived to Latvia and Estonia during the Soviet era, mostly Russians, were only provided with an option to acquire naturalised citizenship which required passing a test demonstrating knowledge of the national language as well as knowledge of the country's history and customs. The language issue is still contentious, particularly in Latvia, where ethnic Russians have protested against plans to educate them in the national language instead of Russian. Since 1992, Estonia has naturalized some 137,000 residents of undefined citizenship, mainly ethnic Russians 136,000, or 10 percent of the total population, remain without citizenship.

Although not among the largest immigrant groups, significant numbers of Russians emigrated to Canada, Australia, the United States and Brazil. Brighton Beach, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, is an example of a large community of recent Russian immigrants. Another one is in Sunny Isles Beach, a northern suburb of Miami. At the same time, many ethnic Russians from former Soviet territories have emigrated to Russia itself since the 1990s. Many of them became refugees from a number of states of Central Asia and Caucasus (as well as from the separatist Chechen Republic), forced to flee during political unrest and hostilities towards Russians.

Both the European Union and the Council of Europe, as well as the Russian government, expressed their concern during the 1990s about minority rights in several countries, most notably Latvia. In Moldova, the Russian-dominated Transnistria region broke away from government control amid fears the country would soon reunite with Romania. In June of 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian to immigrate to Russia.

Russian Chinese After the Russian Revolution of 1917 in 1917, many Russians who were identified with the White army moved to China — most of them settling in Harbin. Many of these Russians had to move back to the Soviet Union after World War II. Today, a big group of people in northern China can still speak Russian.

Ethnic Russians in China are one of the Nationalities of China officially recognized by the People's Republic of China (as the Russ), and there are approximately 15,600 Russian Chinese living mostly in northern Xinjiang, and also in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. See also Harbin Russians and China Far East Railway.

Contribution to humanity Russian people have greatly contributed to the world of science and arts. Notable Russian scientists include Dmitri Mendeleev, Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Alexander Lodygin, Pavel Yablochkov, Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky, Ivan Kulibin, Vladimir Zworykin, Sergey Korolyov, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and Mikhail Lomonosov.

Thanks to writers such as Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, Anton Chekhov, Alexander Pushkin, and many more, Russian Literature is considered to be among the most influential literature in the world. In the field of the novel, Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky in particular were titanic figures, and have remained internationally renowned, to the point that many scholars have described one or the other as the greatest novelist ever. "Russian literature." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 16 July 2007 .

Great Russian composers include Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Prokofiev and Sergei Rachmaninoff.

A fact which the Russian people are proud of is the large part, larger than anybody elses part, that the Russian people had in the victory over Nazi Germany at World War II. During the war, the Soviet Union lost around 27 million citizens (most of them Russian), about half of all World War II casualties and the vast majority of allied casualties. The Eastern Front contained more combat than all the other European fronts combined; the German army suffered 80% to 93% of all casualties there. It was on the Eastern Front that the war was won or lost, for if the Red Army had not succeeded against all the odds in halting the Germans in 1941 and then inflicting the first major defeats at Battle of Stalingrad and Battle of Kursk in 1943, it is difficult to see how the western democracies, United Kingdom and the United States, could have expelled Germany from its new empire.WWII historian Richard Overy, We must not forget how war was won.

See also

References and notes Online references



{{Ethnic group||group=Russians
(Русские)|image=Dmitry Donskoy • Mikhail Lomonosov • Leo Tolstoy • Anton Chekhov
Fedor Dostoevsky • Peter Tchaikovsky • Marina Tsvetaeva • Yuri Gagarin
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky • Sergey Korolyov • Constantin Stanislavski • Alexander Pushkin|poptime= 135–140 million (est.)|popplace=: 115,889,000(2002 census)|region1 = |pop1 = 8,334,000(2001 census) |region2 = |pop2 = 4,480,000(1999 census)|region3 = The numbers collected by the National Census are based on the country of origin and include among ethnic Russians significant amount of Jews, Ukrainians, Tatars and other people who stated Russia as the country of their ancestory|pop3 = 2,652,214(2000)|region4 = |pop4 = 1,142,000(1999)|region5 = |pop5 = 646,567(2007)|region6 = |pop6 = 700,000(2005) |region7 = |pop7 = 604,000(1999) |region9 = |pop9 = 352,000(2000) |region10 = |pop10 = 220,000(2001)|region11 = |pop11 = 500,000(2004)|region12 = |pop12 = 178,600(2003)|region13 = |pop13 = 158,850|region14 = |pop14 = 144,000|region15 = |pop15 = 142,000|region16 = |pop16 = 115,000 |region17 = |pop17 = 200,000|region18 = |pop18 = 100,000|region19 = |pop19 = 70,000(2005)|region20 = |pop20 = 68,200(2000)|region21 = |pop21 = 67,671(2002 census)|region22 = |pop22 = 60,200|region23 = |pop23 = 55,000(2005)|region24 = |pop24 = 33,401(2002 census)|region25 = |pop25 = 30,000|region26 = |pop26 = 15,600(2000 census)|region27 = |pop27 = 15,595(2002 census) |region28 = |pop28 = 14,660(2002 census) |langs=Russian language|rels= Predominantly Russian Orthodox Church. Some Russians are Old Believers (a relatively small group of Orthodox Christians). Small minority of Russians are Protestants. Many consider themselves Agnostics or Atheists.], especially East Slavs (Belarusians, Ukrainians, Rusyns).-->

Russians ( ) are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.

The English language term Russians is also used to refer to citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity (see demographics of Russia for information on other nationalities inhabiting Russia); in Russian language, this meaning is covered by the recently revived term Rossiyanin (Россиянин, plural Rossiyane). According to 2002 census, ethnic Russians make up about 80% of the population of Russia .

Origins

Russians predecessors were the medieval Early East Slavs Rus' (people), who were also the predecessors of Belarusians and Ukrainians.

Very little is known about the Russians and East Slavs in general prior to approximately 859 AD, the date from which the account in the Primary Chronicle (a history of the Ancient Rus from around 850 to 1110 originally compiled in Kiev about 1113) starts.

By 600 AD, the Slavs had split linguistically into southern, western, and eastern branches. The East Slavs flooded Eastern Europe in two streams. One group of tribes settled along the Dnieper river in what is now Ukraine; they then spread northward to the northern Volga river, east of modern-day Moscow and westward to the basins of the northern Dniester and the Southern Bugs in present-day Moldova and southern Ukraine.

Another group of East Slavs moved from Pomerania to the northeast, where they encountered the Varangians of the Rus' Khaganate and established an important regional centre of Novgorod. The same Slavic population also settled the present-day Tver Oblast and the region of Beloozero. Having reached the lands of the Merya near Rostov, they linked up with the Dnieper group of Slavic migrants.

Emergence of Russian ethnicity .

Early ancestors of the Russians were Early East Slavs tribes who migrated to the East European Plain in the early Middle Ages. Most prominent Slavic tribes in the area of modern European Russia included Vyatichs, Krivichs, Radimichs, Severians and Ilmen Slavs. By the 11th century East Slavs assimilited Finno-Ugric tribes Merya and Muromian and Balts tribe Eastern Galindae who also used to populate the same area (modern Central Russia).

Ethnic Russians known as Great Russians (as oppose to White Russians and Little Russians) began to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group in the 15th century, when they were referred to as Muscovy, during the consolidation of Muscovy Tsardom as a regional power. Between 12th and 16th century Russians known as Pomors migrated to Northern Russia and settled White Sea coasts. As a result of the migrations and Russian conquests (following liberation from the Mongol invasion of Russia Golden Horde domination) during 15th-16th centuries Russians settled the Privolzhsky (Volga) Federal District, Urals Federal District and Southern Federal District regions. Between 17th and 19th centuries Russian migrants settled the vast sparsely inhabited areas in Siberia and Russian Far East. A major role in these territorial expansions and migrations was played by the Russian Cossacks.

According to most ethnologists ethnic Russians originated from the earlier Rus' (people) (East Slavs of Kievan Rus), and gradually evolved into a different ethnicity from the western Rus people who became the modern-day Belarusians and Ukrainians. Between 15th and 18th centuries modern Russian language gradually developed from the Old East Slavic language and Church Slavic language languages.Some ethnologists maintain that Russians were a distinct Slavic group even before the time of Kievan Rus. Others believe that the distinguishing feature of the Russians is not primarily their separation from Western Rus, but that ethnic Russians are a mix of East Slavic and non-Slavic (for example Finno-Ugric, Germanic peoples, and Baltic) tribes. However, the origin of the Slavic peoples is itself a matter on which there is no consensus.

They were classified as a Narodnost in the First All Union Census of the Soviet Union in 1926.

Population Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe and one of the largest in the world with a population of about 140 million people worldwide. Roughly 116 million ethnic Russians live in Russia and about 20 million more live in the neighboring countries. A relatively significant number of Russians, around 3 million, live elsewhere in the world, mostly in the Americas and Western Europe, but also in other places of Eastern Europe, Asia and elsewhere.

Culture Russian culture is one that is rich and colorful. Russians have a rich Russian cuisine. Russian culture#Art is very important and considered by many to be unique and some of the most importent painters in the world are Russian. Russians are also known for their sense of Russian humour. Russian literature was greatly influential to world literature. Russians also gave the classical music world some very famous composers.

Language Russian (:Media:Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg (Wikipedia:Media help·:Image:Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg), Romanization of Russian: , ) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three (or, according to some authorities, four) living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian language and Ukrainian language (and possibly Rusyn language, often considered a dialect of Ukrainian).

Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards, and while Russian preserves much of East Slavonic grammar and a Proto-Slavic language word base, modern Russian exhibits a large stock of borrowed international vocabulary for politics, science, and technology. Due to the status of the Soviet Union as a super power, Russian had great political importance in the 20th century, and is still one of the United Nations#Languages of the United Nations.

Russian has palatalization secondary articulation of consonants, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found in almost all consonant phonemes and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the vowel reduction, or drawling, of stress (linguistics) vowels, not entirely unlike a similar process present in most forms of English language. Stress in Russian is generally quite unpredictable and can be placed on almost any syllable, one of the most difficult aspects for foreign language learners.

Religion Russian Orthodox Church is a dominant faith among the Russian people. More specifically, the vast majority of Russian believers belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, which played a vital role in the development of Russian national identity. In other countries Russian faithful usually belong to the local Orthodox congregations which either have a direct connection (like the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Moscow Patriarchy, Wiktionary:autonomy under the Patriarch of Moscow) or historical origin (like the Orthodox Church in America or a Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia) with the Russian Orthodox Church.

Even non-religious Russian people mostly associate themselves with Orthodox faith for cultural reasons. Some Russian people are Old Believers: a relatively small Schism (religion) group of the Russian Orthodoxy that rejected the liturgical reforms introduced in the 17th century.

Despite continuing growth in religious observance since Soviet times, church attendance rates in Russia are relatively low.

Other world religions have negligible representation among ethnic Russians. The most prominent are Baptists with over 85 000 Russian adherents. Adherents.com statistics others are mostly Pentecostals, Evangelicals and Seventh-day Adventists.

For the last decades the Slavic paganism seems to gain certain popularity and there are many web-sites dedicated to the study of the Slavic mythology.

Russians outside of Russia Ethnic Russians historically migrated throughout the area of former Russian Empire and Soviet Union, sometimes encouraged to re-settle in borderlands by Tsarist and later Soviet government. On some occasions ethnic Russian communities such as Lipovans who settled in Danube delta or Doukhobors in Canada immigrated as religious dissidents fleeing the central authority.

After the Russian Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil War starting in 1917, many Russians were forced to leave their homeland fleeing the Bolshevik regime, and millions became refugees. Many white emigre were participants in the White movement, although the term is broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regime.

Today largest ethnic Russian diasporas outside of Russia live in former Soviet states such as Ukraine (about 8 million), Kazakhstan (about 4.5 million), Belarus (about 1.2 million), Latvia (about 700,000), Uzbekistan (about 650,000) and Kyrgyzstan (about 600,000). Over a million of Russian Jews emigrated to Israel during and after the Refusenik (Soviet Union) movements, some brought ethnic Russian relatives along with them. There are also small Russian communities in the Balkans, Eastern and Central European nations such as Germany, as well as in China, Latin America and Australia. These communities may identify themselves either as Russians or citizens of these countries, or both, to varying degrees.

The governments and the majority public opinion in Estonia and Latvia, which has the largest share of ethnic Russians among the Baltic countries, hold the view that many of the ethnic Russians arrived in these countries as part of a Soviet-era colonization and deliberate Russification by changing the countries' ethnic balance. Among the many Russians who arrived during the Soviet era most came there for economic reasons, or in some cases, because they were ordered to move.

People who had arrived to Latvia and Estonia during the Soviet era, mostly Russians, were only provided with an option to acquire naturalised citizenship which required passing a test demonstrating knowledge of the national language as well as knowledge of the country's history and customs. The language issue is still contentious, particularly in Latvia, where ethnic Russians have protested against plans to educate them in the national language instead of Russian. Since 1992, Estonia has naturalized some 137,000 residents of undefined citizenship, mainly ethnic Russians 136,000, or 10 percent of the total population, remain without citizenship.

Although not among the largest immigrant groups, significant numbers of Russians emigrated to Canada, Australia, the United States and Brazil. Brighton Beach, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, is an example of a large community of recent Russian immigrants. Another one is in Sunny Isles Beach, a northern suburb of Miami. At the same time, many ethnic Russians from former Soviet territories have emigrated to Russia itself since the 1990s. Many of them became refugees from a number of states of Central Asia and Caucasus (as well as from the separatist Chechen Republic), forced to flee during political unrest and hostilities towards Russians.

Both the European Union and the Council of Europe, as well as the Russian government, expressed their concern during the 1990s about minority rights in several countries, most notably Latvia. In Moldova, the Russian-dominated Transnistria region broke away from government control amid fears the country would soon reunite with Romania. In June of 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian to immigrate to Russia.

Russian Chinese After the Russian Revolution of 1917 in 1917, many Russians who were identified with the White army moved to China — most of them settling in Harbin. Many of these Russians had to move back to the Soviet Union after World War II. Today, a big group of people in northern China can still speak Russian.

Ethnic Russians in China are one of the Nationalities of China officially recognized by the People's Republic of China (as the Russ), and there are approximately 15,600 Russian Chinese living mostly in northern Xinjiang, and also in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. See also Harbin Russians and China Far East Railway.

Contribution to humanity Russian people have greatly contributed to the world of science and arts. Notable Russian scientists include Dmitri Mendeleev, Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Alexander Lodygin, Pavel Yablochkov, Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky, Ivan Kulibin, Vladimir Zworykin, Sergey Korolyov, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and Mikhail Lomonosov.

Thanks to writers such as Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, Anton Chekhov, Alexander Pushkin, and many more, Russian Literature is considered to be among the most influential literature in the world. In the field of the novel, Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky in particular were titanic figures, and have remained internationally renowned, to the point that many scholars have described one or the other as the greatest novelist ever. "Russian literature." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 16 July 2007 .

Great Russian composers include Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Prokofiev and Sergei Rachmaninoff.

A fact which the Russian people are proud of is the large part, larger than anybody elses part, that the Russian people had in the victory over Nazi Germany at World War II. During the war, the Soviet Union lost around 27 million citizens (most of them Russian), about half of all World War II casualties and the vast majority of allied casualties. The Eastern Front contained more combat than all the other European fronts combined; the German army suffered 80% to 93% of all casualties there. It was on the Eastern Front that the war was won or lost, for if the Red Army had not succeeded against all the odds in halting the Germans in 1941 and then inflicting the first major defeats at Battle of Stalingrad and Battle of Kursk in 1943, it is difficult to see how the western democracies, United Kingdom and the United States, could have expelled Germany from its new empire.WWII historian Richard Overy, We must not forget how war was won.

See also

References and notes Online references



Russians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Russian people (Russian: Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. The English term Russians is also ...

Russians (song) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Russians" is a song by Sting, from his debut solo album, The Dream of the Blue Turtles. It was also released as a single. Sting cautions about the repercussions of the Cold War ...

BBC NEWS | Europe | Global warming leaves Russians cold
Over half of Russians asked about global warming say that they haven't heard very much about it, a BBC poll reveals.

BBC NEWS | Europe | Russians repair Orthodox schism
The divided Russian Orthodox Church is reunited in Moscow, ending an 80-year split, Jan Repa reports.

Afghanistan::
This was also extended to the Russians who were now in Afghanistan trying to maintain the power of the Amin government. The Russians claimed that they had been invited in by the ...

Russia Life - Russia News
Russia Life provides latest Russian World News from the most comprehensive global news network and archive on the internet. News and analysis on Moscow and international ... ...

YouTube - Sting - Russians
Remember when the Russians and the USA could have blown each other to kingdom come? This song is a reflection of that time. Great one in Sting's early solo...

Comedy - Only Fools and Horses - The Russians Are Coming (1981)
Only Fools and Horses, Series One, Series 1 ... The Russians Are Coming. Transmitted: 13.10.1981 Duration: 30 minutes Viewing Figures: 8.8 million

Russians withdraw Lake Baikal record claim | The Register
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Russian Immigrants
The first Russians reached America in 1747 when fur traders arrived in Alaska. Some settled in the area and the Russian Orthodox Church became ...

 

Russians



 
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